Nyuma y’imyaka icumi Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali (Kigali Amendment), Abaminisitiri n’Imiryango y’Abagiraneza batangije ingamba nshya zo guteza imbere gukonjesha no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Ibihugu byishyize hamwe kugira ngo byihutishe serivisi zo gukonjesha mu buryo burambye kandi bigabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere, mu gihe Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ryabereye Kigali ryizihiza imyaka icumi rimaze ryemejwe.
U Rwanda, rufatanyije na Brazil n’Ubwongereza, mu nshingano zo kuyobora Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu biharanira Kurwanya Imihindagurikire y’Ibihe no Guhangana n’Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere (Climate and Clean Air Coalition), byashyize ahagaragara Itangazo Rihuriweho n’Abaminisitiri rishya, rigaragaza ingamba zo gukonjesha ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nke, kugabanya ikoreshwa rya HFCs zitera izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’isi no kunoza imicungire y’imyuka ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha. Hanatangajwe kandi ingamba nshya z’imiryango y’abagiraneza n’intego yo gukusanya miliyoni 100 z’amadolari ya Amerika yo kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’izo ngamba.
Mu gihe biteganyijwe ko umubare w’ibyuma bikonjesha umwuka ku isi uzikuba inshuro zirenze eshatu mu mwaka wa 2050, ibihugu birashaka gukoresha neza amahirwe atangwa n’Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ryabereye i Kigali kugira ngo bikumire izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’isi rishobora ku rugero rw dogere selisiyusi 0.5 (0.5°C) bitarenze umwaka wa 2100.
New York, ku wa 23 Nzeri 2026 – Mu gihe abayobozi b’ibihugu bateraniye i New York mu Nteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye no mu Cyumweru cyahariwe imihindagurikire y’Ibihe cya New York (Climate Week NYC), ibihugu byishyize hamwe uyu munsi bitangiza Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu Bishyigikiye Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali (Friends of the Kigali Amendment), rigamije kongera imbaraga muri iri huriro rya politiki ryagize uruhare mu gukusanya ubufasha n’inkunga byafashije kugera ku masezerano y’ingenzi yo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu myaka icumi ishize.
Ibihugu bihuriye muri iri huriro bizakorana kugira ngo ryihutishe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Ivugururwa ryamasezerano ryabereye i Kigali kandi byagure n’uburyo abantu bagerwaho na serivisi zo gukonjesha mu buryo burambye. Iri huriro kandi rizahuza ibihugu byiyemeje gukomeza imbaraga za politiki no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zifatika mu myaka icumi iri imbere.
Mu muhango wo gutangiza iri huriro, u Rwanda, rufatanyije na Brazil n’Ubwongereza, nk’ibihugu bikuriye iri huriro, byashyize ahagaragara Itangazo rihuriweho n’Abaminisitiri rigaragaza ibyihutirwa bine: kongera imbaraga mu gushyira mu bikorwa Ivugururwa ry’amasezero ryabereye i Kigali mu buryo bunoze; guteza imbere gukonjesha mu buryo burambye no gukoresha ingufu neza, ndetse no kunoza imicungire y’imyuka ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha; kongera inkunga, ikoranabuhanga n’ubushobozi; no kongera imbaraga z’ubufatanye hagati y’impuguke muri uru rwego.
Iri tangazo ryavuye mu nama yabereye i New York, rikaba ari urubuga ruzafasha ibindi bihugu gushyigikira ibyihutirwa birikubiyemo. U Rwanda, nk’igihugu kizakira MOP38, hamwe na CCAC, byashishikarije ibihugu kwinjira muri iri huriro no gushyigikira iri tangazo, mu gihe imyiteguro ya MOP38 izabera i Kigali na COP31 igeze kure.
“At a time when meaningful climate action has never been more urgent, the Kigali Amendment remains one of the clearest opportunities we have to deliver significant results. Rwanda looks forward to welcoming the world back to Kigali for MOP38, as we celebrate ten years of the Amendment and renew our commitment to its implementation,” said Dr Bernadette Arakwiye, Minister of Environment of Rwanda.
“Mu gihe ibikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bikenewe kurusha ibihe byabanje, Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali rikomeje kuba imwe mu nzira zigaragara neza zadufasha kugera ku musaruro ukomeye. U Rwanda rwiteguye kongera kwakira amahanga i Kigali mu nama ya MOP38, mu gihe twizihiza imyaka icumi iri vugururwa rimaze kandi tukongera kwiyemeza kurishyira mu bikorwa,” byavuzwe na Dr. Bernadette Arakwiye, Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije w’u Rwanda.
Muri iyi nama y’abaminisitiri, imiryango minini y’abagiraneza itera inkunga ibikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, irimo Sequoia Climate Foundation, yatangaje ingamba nshya ihuriweho zo kwihutisha igabanywa ry’imyuka ya HFCs, hanatezwa imbere gukonjesha mu buryo burambye. Iyo miryango yashimye ingamba nshya ibihugu biri gufata mbere y’isabukuru y’imyaka icumi y’Ivugururwa rya Kigali, isaba za guverinoma n’abikorera kurushaho gushyiraho intego zihanitse, inatangaza intego yo gukusanya inkunga ingana na miliyoni 100 z’amadolari ya Amerika mu miryango y’abagiraneza kugira ngo ishyigikire ibi bikorwa.
“Imiryango y’abagiraneza iri kwegeranya ubushobozi kugira ngo ishyigikire ingamba zihuse zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere igira ingaruka zikomeye, ishobora gutera kugeza kuri 70% by’izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’isi ryakumirwa bitarenze umwaka wa 2050. Ibi birimo no kureba ko dukurikiza inzira ihamye kandi yihuse kurusha izindi mu gushyira mu bikorwa Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ryabereye i Kigali no kugeza kuri benshi serivisi zo gukonjesha zirambye kandi zitangiza ikirere, mu gihe isi yugarijwe n’ubushyuhe rugero rukomeye,” byavuzwe na Christie Ulman, Perezida wa Sequoia Climate Foundation.
Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali riteganya kugabanya buhoro buhoro ikoreshwa rya hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), imyuka ihumanya ikirere ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kongera ubushyuhe bw’isi, ikoreshwa cyane muri firigo no mu byuma bitanga umwuka ukonje. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaryo rishobora gutuma izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’isi rigabanukaho dogere selisiyusi zigera kuri 0.5 (0.5°C) bitarenze umwaka wa 2100. Izindi nyungu mu kurengera ikirere zishobora kurushaho kwiyongera binyuze mu kunoza imikoreshereze y’ingufu mu bikoresho bikonjesha, mu gihe abantu n’ibigo byinshi bazakomeza kugaragaza ubushake bwa serivisi zo gukonjesha zirambye.
Izi ngamba nshya zo kwihutisha ibikorwa zije mu gihe abifuza serivisi zo gukonjesha bakomeje kwiyongera cyane. Biteganyijwe ko umubare w’ibyuma bikonjesha umwuka ku isi uzagera kuri miliyari 5.6 mu mwaka wa 2050, mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2018 waruri kuri miliyari 1.6. Kugira uburyo bwo gukonjesha bukoresha ingufu neza biragenda birushaho gukenerwa cyane mu kubika no kwihaza mu biribwa, mu bitaro no muri serivisi z’ubuzima, mu kubika inkingo n’imiti, mu bikorwa remezo by’ikoranabuhanga, mu kongera umusaruro no mu kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’ubushyuhe bukabije.
Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu Bishyigikiye Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ryabereye i Kigali rizakorera mu nzego eshatu zuzuzanya: kugabanya buhoro buhoro ikoreshwa rya HFCs, kunoza imikoreshereze y’ingufu mu bikoresho byo gukonjesha, no kunoza imicungire y’imyuka ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha mu byiciro byose by’ubuzima bwayo. Rizanakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo hakusanywe izindi nkunga zitangwa na za guverinoma, imiryango y’abagiraneza n’abikorera, ziyongera ku nkunga itangwa n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishyigikira Ishyirwa mu Bikorwa ry’Amasezerano ya Montreal.
Iri huriro rishingiye ku bufatanye bwa politiki bwagize uruhare mu gutuma Ivugururwa ryabereye i Kigali rigerwaho. Guhera mu mwaka wa 2012, ibihugu byakoranye binyuze mu Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu biharanira Kurwanya Imihindagurikire y’Ibihe no Guhangana n’Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere (CCAC), biteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’ubumenyi kuri HFCs, byerekana ubundi buryo bwo kuzisimbura, bishyigikira ibarura ry’imyuka ya HFCs ku rwego rw’ibihugu kandi bishakisha inkunga ikomeye y’abayobozi bakuru mu bya politiki. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2014 kugeza mu wa 2016, abaminisitiri bari muri CCAC bakoranye kugira ngo bashake inkunga y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba mpuzamahanga zihamye zo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya HFCs.
“Mu myaka icumi ishize, ibihugu byagaragaje ibyo bishobora kugeraho iyo ubushake bukomeye bwa politiki, ubumenyi bwa siyansi n’ibisubizo bifatika bihurijwe hamwe,” byavuzwe na Martina Otto, Umuyobozi wa Sekretariya y’Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu biharanira Kurwanya Imihindagurikire y’Ibihe no Guhangana n’Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere (CCAC). “CCAC yishimira uruhare yagize mu kongera imbaraga zatumye Ivugururwa ryabereye i Kigali rigerwaho. Iri huriro rishya rishobora gukomereza muri uwo mujyo mu myaka icumi iri imbere, ryihutisha gukonjesha mu buryo burambye kandi rigatanga umusaruro mu kurengera ikirere, guteza imbere ubuzima n’iterambere.”
Iri huriro rizongera guhurira i Kigali mu Gushyingo, mu nama ya MOP38 no mu bikorwa bizabera mu gihe cya COP31, kugira ngo risuzume intambwe imaze guterwa, rirebe uko ibyo ibihugu byiyemeje bihagaze kandi rigaragaze izindi ngamba zikenewe mu kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo
AMAKURU AGENEWE ABANDITSI N’ABANYAMAKURU
Ibyerekeye Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali
Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali ryemejwe mu mwaka wa 2016, rishyiraho gahunda mpuzamahanga yo kugabanya buhoro buhoro ikoreshwa rya HFCs. Kugeza muri Kanama 2026, mu bihugu 198 byashyize umukono ku Masezerano ya Montreal, 174 byari byariyemeje gutangira gushyira mu bikorwa intego z’iri vugururwa.
Ibyerekeye Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu Bishyigikiye Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali
Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu Bishyigikiye Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali ni ihuriro ry’ubushake rihuza abayobozi bakuru ba za guverinoma, rigamije ibikorwa byo kugera ku musaruro wose witezwe mu kurengera ikirere no guteza imbere imibereho myiza n’ubukungu binyuze mu Ivugururwa rya Kigali. Iri huriro riyobowe n’u Rwanda, rikaba rigamije gushimangira inzego n’imikorere by’Amasezerano ya Montreal, aho gusubiramo ibyakozwe.
Ibyerekeye Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu biharanira Kurwanya Imihindagurikire y’Ibihe no Guhangana n’Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere (CCAC)
Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu biharanira Kurwanya Imihindagurikire y’Ibihe no Guhangana n’Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere (CCAC) ni ubufatanye bw’ubushake buhuza za guverinoma, imiryango ihuza ibihugu, ibigo by’ubucuruzi, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, byose byiyemeje kunoza ubwiza bw’umwuka no kurengera ikirere binyuze mu bikorwa bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere imara igihe gito mu kirere.
Iri huriro ry’ubufatanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga rigizwe n’abafatanyabikorwa babarirwa mu magana, barimo ibihugu n’abandi badakorera muri za guverinoma, hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bo mu nzego z’ibanze bakora ibikorwa mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu. CCAC inakora imirimo ya Sekretariya y’Inshingano Mpuzamahanga zo Kugabanya Imyuka ya Methane (Global Methane Pledge). Sekretariya ya CCAC n’Ikigega cyayo bishyigikirwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije (UNEP).
Ku bindi bisobanuro:
Basile Uwimana, Communications and Outreach Specialist, Ministry of Environment: buwimana@environment.gov.rw.
Vincent Hughes, Communications and Media Consultant, Climate and Clean Air Coalition Secretariat at United Nations Environment Programme: Vincent.Hughes@un.org.
Ava Bahrami, Communications Officer, Climate and Clean Air Coalition Secretariat at United Nations Environment Programme: Ava.Bahrami@un.org.