U Rwanda rwakiriye Inama Nkuru Nyafurika ku Masoko ya Karuboni, rushimangira uruhare rw’amasoko ya karuboni mu iterambere rirengera ibidukikije
Inama Nkuru Nyafurika ku Masoko ya Karuboni (Carbon Markets Africa Summit – CMAS 2026), yabereye i Kigali, yagaragaje intambwe u Rwanda rumaze gutera mu gushyiraho uburyo bwizewe bugenga amasoko ya karuboni, ndetse n’uruhare ayo masoko ashobora kugira mu gukusanya imari yo guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe, guhanga imirimo no guteza imbere ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije.
Iyi nama yahuje abahagarariye za Guverinoma, abashoramari, abategura imishinga, abaguzi b’ingurane za karuboni, inzego zishyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho n’abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere, baganira ku buryo amasoko ya karuboni yakwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga ifatika kandi ikagirira akamaro abaturage.
U Rwanda rukomeje kubaka urwego rwizewe rw’amasoko ya karuboni
Kwakira iyi nama byagaragaje icyizere u Rwanda rwagiriwe mu guteza imbere amasoko ya karuboni, rushingiye ku ntambwe rumaze gutera mu gushyiraho amategeko n’amabwiriza ayagenga.
Kuva mu 2023, ubwo u Rwanda rwashyiragaho Urwego Ngenderwaho rw’Igihugu ku Masoko ya Karuboni (National Carbon Market Framework), rwashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa Ingingo ya 6 y’Amasezerano y’i Paris, rejisitiri y’igihugu y’amasoko ya karuboni n’uburyo bwo kugenzura no kwemeza umusaruro w’imishinga.
Muri Mutarama 2026, hashyizweho kandi amabwiriza asobanura amafaranga yishyurwa n’uburyo bwo kugabana inyungu zikomoka ku masoko ya karuboni. Izi ngamba zigamije kongera icyizere, gukorera mu mucyo no gufasha abashoramari n’abategura imishinga kumenya neza ibisabwa.
Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA) kimaze kwandika imishinga 29 mu nzego zirimo gusubiranya ubutaka bwangiritse, ubuhinzi, amashyamba, ubwikorezi bukoresha amashanyarazi, gucunga imyanda n’ingufu zisubira. Amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni 1.5 z’amadolari ya Amerika amaze kuboneka binyuze mu kugurisha ingurane za karuboni.
U Rwanda kandi rufitanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye na Singapore mu gushyira mu bikorwa Ingingo ya 6 y’Amasezerano y’i Paris, bikaba ari inzira yo gufasha imishinga yemewe kugera ku baguzi mpuzamahanga.
Amasoko ya karuboni mu guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe no guteza imbere ubukungu
Nubwo u Rwanda rutari mu bihugu byohereza imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere, ruri mu bihugu byibasirwa n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ibihe. Ibi bituma ishoramari mu bikorwa byo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ibihe rikomeza kuba ingenzi.
Amasoko ya karuboni ashobora gufasha kubona imari ishyirwa mu mishinga yo gusubiranya ubutaka bwangiritse, kubungabunga amashyamba, gucunga imyanda, guteza imbere ingufu zisubira no gukoresha ubwikorezi bw’amashanyarazi.
Iyi mishinga ishobora kugira uruhare mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kubungabunga umutungo kamere no kongera ubushobozi bw’abaturage bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ibihe.
Amasoko ya karuboni kandi afasha u Rwanda kugera ku ntego zarwo zo guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe no guteza imbere ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije, bijyanye n’icyerekezo cy’Igihugu cya 2050.
Gukurura ishoramari, guhanga imirimo no kugirira abaturage akamaro
Amasoko ya karuboni atanga amahirwe yo gukurura ishoramari mu mishinga igabanya cyangwa ikuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bityo amafaranga aboneka agafasha imishinga ishobora kugira imbogamizi zo kubona amikoro ayishyira mubikorwa[p1] .
Iyi mishinga inatanga amahirwe yo guhanga imirimo no kongera ubumenyi bw’abaturage n’inzego z’ibanze. Imirimo ishobora kuboneka irimo gutera no kwita ku biti, gusubiranya ubutaka bwangiritse, gukwirakwiza amashyiga arondereza ibicanwa, guteza imbere ubwikorezi bukoresha amashanyarazi, guteza imbere ingufu z’isubira no gucunga imyanda.
Ikindi cy’ingenzi ni uko inyungu zikomoka kuri iyi mishinga zigomba kugera no ku baturage bayigiramo uruhare. Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri yo muri Mutarama 2026 ateganya ko ku mishinga ishingiye ku butaka bw’abahinzi cyangwa ubwa Leta, 30% by’amafaranga yinjizwa n’amasoko ya karuboni ahabwa abaturage na ba nyir’ubutaka.
Uretse inyungu z’amafaranga, iyi mishinga ishobora gufasha abaturage kubona ibisubizo bibafitiye akamaro mu buzima bwa buri munsi, birimo kugabanya imyotsi mu ngo, kugabanya ibicanwa bikoreshwa mu guteka no kongera uburumbuke bw’ubutaka.
Gukorera mu mucyo no kurengera ubuziranenge bw’amasoko ya karuboni
Kugira ngo amasoko ya karuboni agire uruhare rufatika mu guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe, ni ngombwa ko ibikorwa byayo bishingira ku mategeko asobanutse, igenzura ryizewe no gukorera mu mucyo.
Hakurikijwe Ingingo ya 6 y’Amasezerano y’i Paris, ihererekanya ry’ingurane za karuboni zemewe rigomba gukurikiza uburyo bwo kubarura no kwandika ibyakozwe, hagamijwe gukumira ko igabanuka rimwe ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ribarwa inshuro zirenze imwe.
Ibihugu bya Afurika kandi birasabwa gukomeza kunoza amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga amasoko ya karuboni, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibikorwa, kugabana inyungu mu mucyo no kongerera inzobere ubushobozi mu gutegura no kugenzura imishinga.
Gusangira amakuru ku masezerano n’ibiciro byo ku isoko na byo ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibihugu bya Afurika bigire amakuru ahagije mu biganiro n’abashoramari n’abaguzi, bityo birusheho kurengera inyungu zabyo.
CMAS 2026: Guhindura ibiganiro ibikorwa bifatika
Inama ya CMAS 2026 yashimangiye akamaro ko kuva mu biganiro bijyanye n’amasoko ya karuboni hakajya habaho imishinga ishyirwa mu bikorwa, ishoramari rifatika n’inyungu zigaragarira abaturage.
Mu by’ingenzi byagarutsweho harimo kongera umubare w’imishinga yateguwe neza kandi yujuje ibisabwa, gukurura ishoramari rituruka muri banki z’iterambere n’abikorera, guhuza imikorere n’amabwiriza hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika no kongera uruhare rw’abaturage mu mishinga.
Kugira ngo intambwe imaze guterwa ikomeze gutanga umusaruro, ni ngombwa gukurikirana ibipimo bifatika birimo umubare w’imishinga igeze ku rwego rwo gutanga ingurane za karuboni zemewe, ingano y’imari yakusanyijwe, amafaranga yageze ku baturage n’imirimo yahanzwe.
U Rwanda rukomeje gushyigikira iterambere ry’amasoko ya karuboni ashingiye ku bunyangamugayo, gukorera mu mucyo no gusaranganya inyungu mu buryo buboneye.
Intego ni uko amasoko ya karuboni ataba gusa uburyo bwo kugurisha ingurane, ahubwo abe n’igikoresho gifatika cyo gutera inkunga ibikorwa byo guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe, guteza imbere ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije no kuzamura imibereho myiza y’abaturage.